Let's Play Chess In Public Places

Ever wanted to play chess here?

Where? I hear non-Londoners ask, not recognizing the shadow of Lord Nelson's Column reaching past the fountains, on toward the grassy banks of the National Gallery, proudly guarded by four imperial lions. Trafalgar Square of course, that's where.

Not especially, I hear London chess players answer. And if I did, couldn't I just take a pocket set?

But I should have told you more. I should have said, ever wanted to play here with a gigantic chess set, your pieces spanning the board from one fountain to the other; the board itself a mosaic made from glass, the ceramic pieces themselves towering two metres high? And all that the "centrepiece" of the London Design Festival and brainchild of Spanish designer, Jaime Hayón?

Well, guess what. Maybe you can. The chess games will be played from Saturday 19th to Wednesday 23rd September, and you can find the entry form on the London Design Festival Website. Good luck if you enter.

One word of warning, though. Look closely at this graphic from the website:

What colour square is that on the right hand side, do you suppose?

Apparently Got Something to do with Chess

"A stolen chess set is the key to a kidnapping".

Anybody willing to admit knowing anything about this one? Incidentally, that surname ... could the author be related to RDK? Could it even be Raymondo in disguise?

Anyhoo, today's post marks the end of our daily schedule. From tomorrow we'll be back to posting four days a week:- Monday, Wednesday, Friday and one at the weekend.

Chess in Art Postscript : No Play Today

Guest post by Martin Smith

Most chess clubs are rather subdued introverted places dedicated to the pursuit of our favourite, if not-yet-popular-enough, game. In nineteenth century Italy they may have thought that comely serving wenches would broaden its appeal.

La Partita a Scacchi (1886)
Raffaello Sorbi (1844-1931)
from Chess in Art XX

Come on down and get a rollicking good game, even if the rest of the company is distracted by feasting, carousing, and other ribald diversions. That's the message from Sorbi's rumbustious extravert image. You might be in Italy, but there's little chance of a quiet game here.

Although you can't see the position on the board, it is obvious that a tame draw by repetition is not on the cards. Yes. Draw by repetition: the artistic credo of Signor Sorbi, whose pencil, followed by his brush, recycled the scene several years later, albeit in a mirror image, sort of.

A Sunlit Osteria (1913)
Raffaello Sorbi (1844-1931)

It is spring at last, and the willow, now on the left, has burst into leaf. A brace of horsemen appear to have stopped by, and enjoy the last glimmer of the low evening sun. This is a rather daring innovation and Signor Sorbi must have been pleased with himself. Carried away he airbrushes the game of chess.

If the artist has second thoughts it would be no trouble to pop it back in, and our rather forward friend could play his move without so much as j'adoube. The simple God-fearing fellows would continue their debate; "White pawn to queen's knight fourth in the Italian Game, on move four!?" "Mamma Mia, for an 'acker it is manna from the 'eavens"...and so on.

Sorbi's 1913 version, minus board, shows the length, the extraordinary length, to which an artist will go to portray people in blatant and unabashed acts of not playing chess. And he isn't the only culprit. Here is another comedy of manners where chess is beside the point, and off the pace:

El Café (1889)
José Jiménez Aranda (1837-1903)

For the most part it's a lively scene. A gentleman gallantly offers a chair (blink, and it's done); an order catches the waiter's eye (quick, or he's gone); and to the left a fellow nods his head in a passing encounter (bows, and moves on). Meanwhile, the chess party, unnoticed and oblivious, play their interminable game. The artist may have put them in his picture, but at the same time he contrives to put them beyond the pale.

Not that you have to be in a crowd to not play chess, or be ignored playing it.

Interno (1921)
Gigi Chessa (1899-1935)

In Chessa's atmospheric and contemplative study he shows that chess can also not be played in the privacy of one's own home. She has buried her nose in her book, and the reduced position on the board might suggest that she is absorbed in an obscure endgame treatise, but more likely some racy potboiler from the burgeoning genre of probablygotnothingtodowithchesslit .

Some pictures look both modern and old at the same time, and Chessa's has the clean cut and strong design of a something contemporary, with mood music from the neutral art deco colouring. But the intimate interiority, and play with space and light, calls Vermeer to mind.

Matisse doesn't look back. He is the master of languor, of not doing much, of not playing chess.

Femme à côté d'un échiquer (1928)
Henri Matisse (1869-1954)

There is an outrageous asymmetry in the composition, with the high-keyed roses dead centre, and all the action, or lack of it, to the right, reinforced by the yellow/black contrast. The heavy swag tries to balance the design, but one's eye is drawn irresistibly to the sleeping beauty. She has surrendered to the rich and sumptuous décor, heavy with the scent of musk. She does not play the game, but dreams of using the board as a drinks tray.

If you comb the Chess in Art Resources you'll find rather too many artists not painting people engaged in the mentally challenging, spiritually uplifting, socially useful and environmentally friendly activity of the royal game. To murder Marcel Duchamp's famous line: while all chess players are artists, not all artists paint chess players.

[Chess in Art index]
[Chess in Art collected]

The Board Beside Me II

Pablo Sarrio Bambo v Adrian Villuendas Valero, Aragón Individual Championship 2009, round five. Position after 4...Be6.

The position above appeared on board eleven after a few minutes play: I was sitting to White's left, playing on board twelve. My game began 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 c6 and I wondered briefly, before playing 3.c4, whether Black might try 3...dxc4 4.e3 Be6, which I'd noticed had been the opening of a recent annotated game in Chess Today. In fact Black played 3...e6 and I replied with 4.Qc2 but having had the variation in mind, I experienced some slight surprise when looking to my right and seeing that it had apparently appeared on the very next board.

In fact it hadn't, quite: Black had a knight on f6 and his pawn was still on c7, though whether the Be6 manoeuvre is more or less eccentric, in a QGA, than it is in a Slav, I couldn't say. Anyway, shortly my opponent embarked on a long think so I went for a wander to see what was going on elsewhere in the tournament hall. When I saw that it was my turn to move again, I came back, sat down and noticed that I was sitting next to this.


White was looking at the pawn on b5 as if trying to work out how it had got there. Black, for his part, had got up and walked away, possibly wishing to allow his opponent to suffer his embarrassment alone. White eventually put his queen on c2, waited for Black to come back to the board and resigned.

On my left, White never turned up at all: Black sat looking at the starting position for half an hour and then went home. Some try to play: others, perhaps, conclude that it is better not to play at all.

[Board beside me I]

Staunton Remembered III

I picked up a copy of Korchnoi's My Best Games a few days ago. Given that I'd just been watching him play at Simpsons-in-the-Strand and Chess and Bridge had the book on sale at 50% off it seemed like a pretty good way to celebrate finally getting my dissertation finished. It was due to that very piece of work, incidentally, that I was in the LSE library for most of the last round of the Staunton Memorial but the next day Andrew Stone sent me an email with an eyewitness account of how Korchnoi won his final game.

Awesome stuff by Viktor. Last to finish also. Was given a big round of applause by everyone to which he seemed very pleased and slightly embarrassed ....

A tournament ends: ... Rd7-d3 and White resigns
Wells - Korchnoi
7th Staunton Memorial 2009

This was a very fitting way to bring the event to a close since Korchnoi had been the last one to finish in the first couple of rounds too. Ironic, perhaps, that the time I most enjoyed watching him play chess was the day of his shortest game.

Streatham & Brixton Chess Club were well represented for the 5th round. As blog Art Correspondent Martin Smith sat in the tournament hall, Morgan, Angus, Bob Cutting and myself - joined by Carsten not long before the end - took over a table in the bar area and spent the afternoon analysing Korchnoi's game against Terrence Chapman.

For the only time in the whole tournament I found myself rather conflicted. On the one hand I was just as keen for Korchnoi to win as usual but on the other Chapman had opened with the Reti - the opening phase being somewhat similar to Ivanchuk-Alekseev from yesterday's post - and I very much wanted the honour of one of my favourite systems to be upheld.

Perhaps it was the illustrious surroundings but our little group was on good form that day. We managed to predict nearly all of Korchnoi's moves, our accuracy surprising me at first but I soon got used to it. As Morgan said, Old Vik's games give off the illusion that you can understand what's going on so it seemed quite natural that we were able to tell what he was going to play next.

Once the game itself was over we were lucky enough to get a good view of the post-mortem and happily the fantasy was quickly shattered. We might have got the moves but of course our justifications were hopelessly inadequate.

Korchnoi's enthusiasm to explore the game he'd just won was simply extraordinary and watching him analyse was a real treat - one of my personal highlights of the whole tournament in fact. I particularly enjoyed the moment when they looked at the position where White was to play his 22nd move.

Chapman - Korchnoi,
7th Staunton Memorial 2009
White to play

Korchnoi picked up Chapman's queen and slapped it down on b3.

"Why didn't you play here?"

Chapman said he'd wanted to return his bishop to g2 to get it out of range of Black's knight to which Korchnoi responded that if he'd have wanted to take the bish he could have done so last move (which was ... Kg8-h8) and then with a chuckle in his voice he flashed out a variation that showed 22. Qb3 would have been dangerous for White in any event. If only I could remember it!

Malc wants to flog you this for a tenner

Korchnoi's final score of 6/9 (3.5/4 with Black) including just two draws was impressive but more remarkable still is the fact that his encounter with Chapman was his only game that ended in less than fifty moves. I was about to say that I hope to have his energy when I'm 78 but frankly I wish I had it now.

With the tournament and my studies now both long gone, last night I finally got around to opening up the book of Korchnoi's games. I discovered that Genna Sosonko's Preface concludes,

Korchnoi has often repeated that he left the Soviet Union in order to play chess. In this he sees his predestination, his fate. And however the rules of staging competitions change, and whichever new stars rise in the chess firmament, Victor Korchnoi will fight on for ever, and ever, and ever

Amen to that.









Previously at the Staunton:-
Staunton Remembered II - some tactical finishes
Staunton Remembered I - some tired players after the British?

Nosher on the Rampage
First Round
Legend
The Interesting French Exchange X
BORP IV

Knights on the rim

Today I'm taking some time off from the Staunton Memorial to catch up with Vassily Ivanchuk's adventures at the recent Jermuk Grand Prix.

EJH brought Chucky's game against Alekseev to my attention a couple of days after it was played although the internet being what it is I had already heard of it from a thread over at www.chesspub.com.

After twenty moves the game had reached this position ...

White to play
Ivanchuk - Alekseev, Jermuk 2009

The GMs weren't paying too much attention to that stuff about knights on the rim. In fact it would seem that the steed on b4 was so embarrassed about being the only one of the quartet not to be loafing around on the edge that it immediately committed suicide.

Nice one Vassily.

Good things come to those who wait

Horton v Tirapo Larcuen, Aragón Individual Championship, round two, position after 89...Nxa6.

I played the longest game of my life on Sunday evening. 125 moves and we were on our third scoresheets before we were done. I'm pretty sure if not been beyond move eighty before. It was, as well, the first time in my life I had the chance to mate with bishop and knight against king.

I've occasionally bored people before by saying that I was taught this ending by Nigel Povah in a Hertfordshire Juniors training session in either 1982 or 1983. In actual play I've only ever been on the receiving end of it before, at a congress in St Albans in 1994. I think both players were both down to our last five minutes, scoresheets therefore being abandoned, and I can certainly remember calling over the arbiter, the late Glynne Jones, to keep an eye on the move count. Mate came well within the fifty. (I believe the opponent was one Roger Lamont.)

I must have taken a little more time than that. I played 36 moves after the final capture: as I began the sequence with just a minute or two left, finished it with six to my credit and had thirty seconds' increment each move, it's not too hard to calculate that I must have used a little less than a quarter of an hour. Most of it, I should imagine, in the first part of the process, driving the king to the wrong corner. (I actually relaxed a little after capturing the final pawn, almost forgetting that the clock was still running. That would have been a desperate tragedy even by my standards.) Just as well, too. There was just a moment or two where I was unsure, where the king didn't go the way I expected it and I was glad of the time to think.

My opponent resigned, having waited to see if I might stalemate her, two moves before mate. Twenty-six years, or maybe twenty-seven I've waited to do that. Thirty-six moves, plus the two more it would have taken to deliver mate: it would have taken me thirty-eight in total from the starting position. Nalimov reckons it can be done in twenty-eight. Can you do better?

We've all been there

Do you like chess? Do you like computers? Do you like Wallace & Gromit?

If so, it's time to unzip your trousers and get the tissues ready, because you'll love this:

Yes, that's right. Wallace has only gone and invented a chess playing machine - and Gromit is taking it on.

But luckily for Gromit, his opponent is not playing on Deep Bleu mode, only advanced.

Which probably explains why Gromit, black, seems to be doing rather well:

Not so tricky now, you might suppose. Two rooks ahead.

Except Gromit is stalled:


Why? As you can see, his bishop is broken.

Better replace it with a pepper pot:


What's the Informator symbol for that?

Alas, it turns out pepper gives Gromit the sneezes.

After which . . .

. . . devastation. Only the white king remains. 1-0. We've all been there.

What else can I say? Only that the images are from this game, and to note approvingly that a white square is on the right hand side of the chess board.

PS. Jonathan B's asked me to add that we'll be posting every day again this week.

Staunton Remembered II

I hope I didn't give the wrong impression last time - it wasn't all short draws at the 7th Staunton Memorial. There was some great chess played too.

Today we've got three finishes from the Scheveningen section to calculate to get your brain working this Sunday morning.

Have fun.

van Wely - Jones
7th Staunton Memorial 2007
White to play and win

Howell - Sokolov
7th Staunton Memorial
White to play and win

Werle - Adams
7th Staunton Memorial
Black to play and win

Previously at the Staunton:-
Staunton Remembered I - some tired players after the British?

First Round
Legend
The Interesting French Exchange X
BORP IV

We are not amused III

Guest post by Martin Smith

Il arrive toujours! Marcel Duchamp, chess player and artist just won't go away, and now a sumptuous new book¹ about him is available, reviewed in New in Chess² no less.

Le book

Déjà review

Duchamp lived his art, but according to analysis by art critic Francis M. Naumann, his life had another organising theme: he played it like a game of chess.

He makes his case in an essay "Marcel Duchamp: The Art of Chess" (also the book's title) reviewed by self-outed fan Hans Ree who kicks-off his NiC piece with a familiar image³ of Duchamp in 1964 smiling teasingly from behind Max Ernst's surrealist chess set designed twenty years before...


But what is this! Oh no! He's Set The Board Up Rong! And him a Proper Chess Player, too.

Maybe the photographer (with Duchamp's mischievous collusion) reversed the image? No. On the table to the right hand edge of the picture is a box where you can almost make out the right-way-round partial text BLACKSTO and REGEN (it is easier to see in the book). This blog's modest contribution to Duchamp scholarship is to now demonstrate that his favoured puff can be revealed as a Blackstone, Regent-size cigar, thus:

1947 ad for Blackstone Cigars
Sizes/varieties are along the bottom edge:

So, if it was not the photographer what switched it, then maybe Duchamp did, single handed and deliberately - a little joke, as Hans Ree implies. Well, unlike Successful Man and his Dame in the ad, we are not amused, especially as Marcel also messed up the disposition of the Pieces, and lost a black Pawn from a7. It might be witty to STBUR, but it is sloppy to STPUR as well.

The nub of Francis Naumann's article is that you can read Duchamp's life story as a game of chess, with an opening, middle game, and end-game. Well maybe, and maybe not. Starting to do it, doing it, finishing doing it, is a bit of a universal, Duchamp, Uncle Tom Cobleigh and All included. But there is more to it according to Naumann. At some time in his life, though "exactly when...it is difficult to know for certain", Duchamp "realized that the game of chess could serve as a model for the decisions made in his both his life and art". His adversary was the "entire history of western art"⁴. So his life didn't just look like a chess game, he played it like one as well.

My problem with this is: how is anyone supposed to use chess as a model for dealing with life's dilemmas, and furthermore should they try it at home? Will the voice in your head whisper: "If you do this, and life does that, then what the heck will you do next, matey?" Or, more to the point these days, "Will you get your moves in before your flag falls?" Or what, exactly, and actually?

We appear to have another example of False Metaphor Syndrome implying that if some activity or other, life even, can be executed with rational planning, strategic oversight and finely tuned risk assessment it is like chess. The trouble is (a) life is only a bit like that (slings and arrows etc) and (b) however hard we try, chess is only a bit like it as well.

While I don't go for the Duchamp's life=chess theory, there is something that Mr Naumann overlooks that might help his case, ranking with the fork, gambit, trap etc episodes that he identifies in Duchamp's chess-themed biography. In the last twenty, yes twenty, years of his life Duchamp worked secretly, yes secretly, on the "Etant donnés", a rather shocking piece that maybe only his last wife Teeny Matisse (yes, "Matisse", she was once married to his son) knew about. "Etant donnés" was revealed after his death in 1968. Now, if you are really going for chess analogies then that's what I'd call a humdinger of a sealed move (and that's this blog's second, and last, modest contribution to Duchamp scholarship).

Etant donnés (1946-1966)
Duchamp's sealed move?

Then there's the matter of the Riddle of Duchamp endgame position which he set in 1943, and which has now been analysed to a draw. Duchamp declared it "White to play and win". The Naumann view, which Hans Ree appears to accept, is that in spite of his designation Duchamp already knew the position was drawn and was just being a lovable rogue pretending otherwise, the fig-leaf of justification for this ruse being his sense of entrapment because his new love was already married to another. You can hear almost them tut-tutting "Duchamp du chump". And me leathering my Occam's Razor. It's simple; he genuinely, and inadvertently, misanalysed the ending. He thought it was a win for white and was just wrong. End of.

Part two of the book, Bradley Bailey's essay "Passionate Pastimes: Duchamp, Chess and the Large Glass", also demonstrates impressive research and scholarship, and marshals an encyclopaedia of information of interest for any unredeemable Duchampaphile. However, it is his conclusions that will raise an eyebrow and Ree complains that he embraces "the Freudian arsenal of calumny wholeheartedly". Hans is not amused.

Bailey method is to unearth multiple chessic references in Duchamp's work – not just the early paintings where he depicts chess players at play, plain for all to see, but in the later constructions where, allegedly, they are hidden and have to be prised out. Bailey's principal focus is the "Large Glass".

The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even
(The Large Glass)
(1915-23)
Oil, varnish, lead foil, lead wire, and dust
on two glass panels. 109 1/4" x 69 1/4".

To get this you have to see as a glorified Eros Machine, in which the bride/virgin, mantis-like, in her upper domain toys with the nine bachelors (aka "Malic Moulds" in Duchamp-speak) down below, growing frustrated in their desire to impregnate her by way of the rickety Heath Robinsonesque tackle that Duchamp has bestowed on them. To explain the hormone-fuelled psycho-sexual mechanics of the Large Glass you may get some help from such Duchampamaniacal annotations as this:

The Bride basically is a motor...which transmits her timid-power [which] is a sort of automobiline, love gasoline, that, distributed to the quite feeble cylinders...is used for the blossoming of this virgin who has reached the goal of her desire...Hence, this motor with quite feeble cylinders has 2 strokes. The 1st stroke (sparks of the desire-magneto) controls the immobile arbor type. The arbor-type is a kind of spinal column and should be the support for the the blossoming into the bride's voluntary stripping. The 2nd stroke (artificial sparks for the electrical stripping) controls the clockwork machinery, graphic translation of the blossoming into stripping by the bachelors. (expressing the throbbing jerk of the minute hand on electric clocks.)⁵

Or you may not; but Mr. Bailey's analysis is that the Large Glass is chess-rich, and further, the bachelors stand for none other than Monsieur D. himself; all of them and all at once.

The catalogue of allusions goes from the superficial, for example, the line between the two domains mimics the fold in many travelling chess sets (it looks more like the half-way line on a soccer pitch to me) via the conceptual, so you have "to operate the mechanism in the mind's eye", which makes it like chess (or, one might add, like an instruction manual or flow chart); to the historical e.g. the nine bachelors are based on chessmen (say some), but could more likely be middle-aged, 13th Century, pawns. There is more, but let's stop here.

Attention, bachelors at work in 1914/1915.
Duchamp's pawn storm?

The claim that the bachelors (to whom Duchamp, in his notes, gives male uniformed roles such as bellboy, priest, gendarme) are pawns is based on parallels that Bailey sees with Jacobus de Cessolis' treatise on chess from 1275 or thereabouts⁶, and associated illustrations. This was written as moral instruction for the peasantry, and gave the individual pawns model characters and socially useful trades (smiths, weavers, etc.). If he knew about it, such sermonising may not have appealed to Duchamp's anti-clericalism, which counts against Bailey's conjecture, but on the other hand Duchamp liked a nice uniform, and had been a student of the language of clothing since his youth.

Fascinating, and perhaps as Hans Ree somewhat grudgingly puts it "far from being uninteresting". However, that voice in my head asks "where's the smoking gun?" Is there any concrete evidence that Duchamp studied de Cessolis, and his later interlocutors? Bailey looks a bit thin and circumstantial on this point, which to my pedantic empiricist cast of mind is critical. It makes a poor comparison with say Ray Keene's discovery of Duchamp's study notes on Nimzovitch's Chess Praxis⁷.

And another thing: there are nine bachelors but most chess sets have only eight pawns. To support the claim that all nine of them represent a kind of Duchamp-composite we are asked to accept the breathtaking assertion of the great anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss that in economic status the difference between a bachelor (Duchamp's existential status) and his hapless married comrades is that the former "must have a greater variety of clothes". Delivered with a straight face. You must be joking. We are not amused. But, as Ree says of Naumann's chess-was-literally-his-life theory, it makes a good story.

Part three of the book is fifteen of Duchamp's games annotated by Jennifer Shahade. They give the flavour of his strength and style about which there has been much debate, with our own Ray Keene entering the fray, but that's for another time. The notes provide a good text based narrative of the games and chess ideas for the unchessed reader, with only one minor infelicity. In Duchamp's eye-catching game against E. H. Smith in 1928 the commentary describes his offer of R for B as "sacking the exchange"⁸. It looks like the editors' spellchecker has done its worst, but that extra 'k' delivers a subtle chessic double entendre; Marcel might have been amused.

Notwithstanding my doubts, the book is a fascinating chronicle of Duchamp, the chess playing artist, or artful chess player. Beautifully produced, it sits well in the hand like a nice felted and weighted chess piece. Hans Ree's review also does it, and Marcel Duchamp, proud offering perceptive insights and anecdotes of his own.

Hans Ree finishes by applauding Duchamp's personal and humane qualities. He was "quiet, meticulous, ironic, aloof...not the values of our brutal time". Let's acknowledge also the good work he did in his later years, documented by Mr. Naumann, supporting and raising money for chess and chess education in the USA. Mr. Naumann does the memory of Duchamp a great service by bringing this to our attention. Thanks Francis Naumann; and good on you Marcel.


Notes:

¹ Marcel Duchamp: The Art of Chess. Francis M. Naumann and Bradley Bailey. readymade press, New York 2009.

² "There is no solution, because there is no problem". Hans Ree, New in Chess 2009/5.

³ Also in the book, but at the end and without the autograph.

⁴ Naumann, op. cit., page 2.

⁵ Slightly edited from a quote in Marcel Duchamp, Dawn Ades, Neil Cox and David Hopkins. Thames and Hudson 1999. Page 106.

⁶ The Book of Chess, Jacob de Cessolis. Translated (and edited) HL Williams. Italica Press, 2008.

⁷ Naumann, op. cit., page 25.

⁸ Naumann, op. cit., page 109.

Not d4 time

I had six Blacks at Benasque: all six were opened with 1.e4. A small sample, of course, far too small to be of any statistical significance, but nevertheless the absence of alternatives raised my eyebrows just sufficiently far to induce me to ask I asked myself whether it represented any sort of pattern. I started looking through my scorebook, beginning with the most recent games and working backwards, looking for games that my opponents opened 1.d4.

I found examples soon enough, but oddly - or, at the time, I found it odd - none of them involved players rated higher than myself. The six black games at Benasque, by contrast, had all involved players whose FIDE ratings were lower than mine. So I looked further - and though, eventually, I did come across games with lower-rated opponents playing 1.d4, another pattern emerged. While higher-rated opponents tended to accompany the move with 2.c4, the lower-rated players did not. None of them did.

There were Colles and Torres. There were games where c4 was played rather late on. But there were no Black games with a d4/c4 set-up as a first choice: not until I got as far back as February 2006, in which month I played two of them. A Slav and a Semi-Slav, both games against players graded not far below me (in the 160s ECF). February 2006. That's nearly three and a half years ago.

Is that extraordinary? It seems extraordinary to me. We all know that 1.e4 is a rather more popular choice, at club level, than the d-pawn. But where the d-pawn is selected - have the Queen's Gambit and Indian set-ups really become so very unpopular? At grandmaster level they took over from the alternative ways of handling 1.d4 eighty years ago and more - has this process, among club players, been reversed? (Or, perhaps, did it never really happen?)

I investigated my last 100 competitive OTB games with the Black pieces (which involved going back to 25 February 2005, picking up a couple more d4/c4 games from lower-graded opponents as I did so) and tabulated them by opening choice and strength of opponent. In the latter category I divided opponents up into three categories:

• those substantially stronger than myself (which I categorised as above 2200)
• those substantially weaker (below 2100)
• those of relatively similar strength (between those two figures).

It's not quite so simple as that, since many players I meet have at least two Elo-based grades, Spanish and FIDE (I too have both) but where there has been a conflict as to which category the player should go into, I chose - wisely or otherwise - to privilege FIDE, which in each instance has put the player in a higher category. (None of these players were lower-graded players playing 1.d4.) One player, from France, who beat me in a Ruy López, had no grade I could locate and so I used my judgement, putting him in the middle category. Where I had only ECF grades for my opponents and some kind of conversion was required, I used my judgement and decided that ECF 168 was just below 2100, while 188 was just above 2200. (One player, as it happens, was put in two different categories for the two different games we played, due to his grade changing between them.)

The openings were also divided three ways:

• 1.e4
• d4/c4 set-ups
• others

This involved making a couple of executive decisions regarding move-orders. 1.d4 2.Nf3 and 3.c4 - a sequence I employ myself - was categorised as falling under 1.d4 and 2.c4, given that it's intended to reach the same variations and positions. Similarly, 1.c4 and 2.d4. However transpositions from the Colle to an e3 Slav - there were a couple of these - were not, as I considered that the intention had been to play a Colle.

The table I thus compiled is below.

	e4	d4+c4	others
above 2200	17	11	2
2100 - 2200	17	6	3
below 2100	28	4	12

What, if anything, does it tell us? On one perfectly reasonable approach, not very much, since 100 games is still a very small sample. (I'd be interested in the opinion of anybody with qualifications in statistics, but I think I'd want perhaps 10,000 before coming to any serious conclusions.) Moreover the fact that all were played against the same opponent might in itself cause the statistics to be skewed, given the possibility of preparation, of opening choices being influenced by the identity (and for that matter the playing strength) of the particular opponent.

Still, they are the statistics I have, so they're the ones I'm working with. Note that because they are based on exactly 100 games, it's simple to add together figures to get overall percentages, so for instance we can see that 1.e4 was selected in 62% of games, d4/c4 in 21% and "others" in 17%.

Nothing utterly startling there, though the figures for "others" would, I think, be rather lower at professional level. But what does stand out, for me, is that for players rated below 2100, d4/c4 systems are outweighed by "others" by a ratio of 3:1. There's an obvious contrast with the higher-rated categories: in the middle-strength category the ratio is 2:1 the other way and in the highest, the imbalance against "others" is more than 5:1.

There's a slight falling-off in the use of 1.e4, the higher we go: it was employed in 57% (17/30) of all games in the highest category, but 65% (17/26) in the middle and 64% (28/44) in the lowest. Whether or not that would be reproduced with a bigger and better sample, I'd be interested to know: I was a little surprised to see players below 2100 apparently no more fond of 1.e4 than players between 2100 and 2200. A better sample would of course show whether that was actually so.

But it's the differential between d4/c4 and "others", among the lower-graded players, that really commands the attention. Partly because of the way in which it reverses the situation obtaining in higher-strength categories - partly in and of itself.

That 1:3 ratio, if it's an accurate reflection of the general reality, would tell us a lot about how lower-graded players approach their openings - and it might also tell us a lot about how they should approach their openings. It's been written* that at club level, 2.c3 in the Sicilian is the main line. If that's true, it may be similarly true that at club level, where 1.e4 is not selected it's the alternatives to d4/c4 that are the main line: not the traditional d4/c4 set-up at all. To a surprisingly large degree, but a large one nonetheless.

How many club players, studying their repertoire as Black, spend three times as much time studying those alternatives - Reti/English, Colle, Torre, Trompovsky and so on - than the Queen's Gambit and Indian lines which have been dominant for several generations at a higher level? My guess would be along the lines of "none, or close to none". But it might be wiser if they did.

Of course, if everybody did, then people would start playing the "main" lines after all, but as it stands, if your opponents are overwhelmingly below 2100 in strength - and this is presumably the case for most club players - then it's quite likely, at the moment, that when you're looking at opening theory that will be of actual use to you, you're looking in very much the wrong place.

It's a lesson it's taken me thirty years to learn, that you basically want to prepare for opponents you're actually likely to meet. Of course it's true at the same time that the higher-graded your opponent, the more they're likely to know and understand, and so it can be helpful to spend more time thinking about what to do against them than you is proportional to the regularity with which you meet them - especially if, like the the present writer, your opening choices vary to some extent, contingent on the strength of the opposition. But still, if you are thinking practically then it's a point to bear in mind, and perhaps at the forefront of your mind.

Are you really going to study contemporary theory in the Anti-Moscow Gambit when the only people who play it are people who you meet maybe once every two seasons and who are graded wildly higher than you anyway? Or might you be better off thinking about the Colle System that you come up against several times a season - and never really know what you should do against?

[* that is, written to me by Tom in an email a couple of years ago. Tom draws it to my attention that in the same email, he also mentioned the lack of mainline d4/c4 openings at club level. I should have read more carefully, or remembered more fully!]

Staunton Remembered I

It was a great tournament but in truth it came a week too soon for me. Following directly on from the British Championship, what with chess, academic work and blogging, I just got a bit overloaded.

I wonder if it's a feeling shared by some of the players. Of the five guys who came to Simpson's-in-the-Strand via Torquay only David Howell clocked up a performance result that exceeded his current rating. True Gawain Jones was only a couple of points below his 2554 (a great comeback for The Corporal who started the tournament with +0 =1 -4 after finishing the British with +0 =2 -2) but Williams and Wells underperformed to the tune of 70-odd points each and Trent had a real 'mare losing five games all told, including one against tournament sponsor Terrence Chapman, and winning none.

Trent and Wells kicked off the festivities with an eleven move draw. The former was spotted asleep in the bar a few minutes before the round started so the speedy conclusion to the game was not entirely unexpected. As things turned out, it was not to be either player's shortest game of the event.

Wells went on to draw in 18 moves against IM Hendriks in round 3, 16 against Jan Timman in round 6 and 10 against Chernaiev in round 8. Not a stellar performance from the GM who finished on -1 and whose only victory, other than against Chapman, came when Nigel Davies left a piece en prise.

Oops!
Davies played ... d5-d4 and resigned after Wells' reply

Twenty chess games in twenty-two days is a pretty tough schedule though. It's perhaps not surprising that it led to this last round epic between Trent and our blog stalkee.

Williams - Trent, 7th Staunton Memorial 2009
1. d4 d5, 2. c4 e5, 3. dxe5 d4, 4. Nf3 Nc6, 5. g3 Nge7, 6. Bg2 Ng6, 7. Qa4
1/2-1/2

Marvelous stuff. It reminded me of this passage from Korchnoi's biography:-

"... it would appear that the English have never in fact learned to arrange draws beforehand. In a way that you can't find fault, because it's done so well.

As a textbook example for the English and for others who are equally uneducated in this respect, I will give without commentary one partly forgotten game."

Korchnoi,
CHESS IS MY LIFE, p. 192

Ironically, now the tournament's over I have the time for as much chess as anybody wants to throw at me. My free time has come too late to pay any more visits to The Strand but over the next week or two I'll at least try to catch up and write about my memories of the 7th Staunton Memorial. It was, after all, a great tournament.




Previously at the Staunton:-
First Round
Legend
The Interesting French Exchange X
BORP IV

Public Service Announcements

[Before I start, I forgot to say yesterday: we're keeping up our post a day schedule for at least another week. Do keep popping back.]

It's an announcement day here on the S&BC Blog.

First a call for help for a visitor to London. A couple of days ago we received this email from Polly of castlingqueenside.blogspot.com

I will be in London from Saturday 22/8 until Monday 24/8. I actually get in late on Friday. I was looking at the various club links on your blog, and it seems most of the clubs meet on Mondays which doesn't help me since I'm heading to the Netherlands that afternoon. I was wondering if there is a group of players that meet in a pub or cafe on Saturday nights. I would love to have the opportunity to meet and play some players during my short stopover in London. I will probably make a stop at the London Chess Centre, but I know they just sell books and equipment.

I've afraid I'm clueless. Can anybody help Polly out? Please leave a message in our comments box if you can.


Second up, an announcement from Quality Chess. Since (a) their books - judging by the two that I've bought - live up to the company name and (b) co-owner Jacob Aagaard is a (very) occasional visitor to these parts, this tournament's worth supporting.

I always wanted to go Edinburgh, perhaps this would make a good opportunity.

Dear Chess Friends,

Quality Chess is sponsoring an international all-play-all tournament in which IM norms will be possible. The event will be hosted by Edinburgh Chess Club.

Quality Chess publishes chess books and is based in Glasgow, Scotland.

Edinburgh Chess Club is one of the oldest chess clubs in the world, and has been visited by many chess greats, including Capablanca, Alekhine and Karpov.


Tournament Details:

10 player all-play-all

12-20 September 2009

Play will be from 1pm - 7pm each day.

Edinburgh Chess Club,

1 Alva Street,

Edinburgh, Scotland.

http://www.edinburghchessclub.co.uk/

International Arbiter: Alex McFarlane

Time control: 40 moves in 2 hours, then one hour to finish.
Prize money:

1st £500
2nd £300
3rd £150



Participants:

GM Colin McNab Scotland

IM Andrew Greet England

IM Nikolaj Mikkelsen Denmark

FM Mads Andersen Denmark

FM David Eggleston England

FM Craig Thomson Scotland

FM Neil Berry Scotland

Jonathan Grant Scotland

Alan Tate Scotland

Martin Mitchell Scotland

I have not included FIDE ratings, as I believe FIDE will release another list on September 1. Thus, the exact norm requirements are not yet known. Pairings will be done nearer the start date. The field includes four former Scottish Champions (McNab, Thomson, Grant and Tate).

Regards,
John Shaw

Right, that's your lot for today. Tomorrow we're back for another look at the Staunton Memorial.

Nosher on the rampage

If you were in the tournament hall of the 7th Staunton Memorial at around 3:45pm yesterday you would have seen Nigel Short striding from the room punching the air as he went - and why not since he'd just ended the tournament with a rather perky looking +6 =4 -0 and a 2862 rating performance to go with the 2900+ one he notched up a couple of months ago in Malmo.

Marvelous stuff from Nosher who, as my friend and fellow blogger EJH recently pointed out over on the EC Forum, is proving to be a real inspiration for we chess players who would like to believe it is possible to significantly improve our results in our forties.

In other circumstances such a sharp rise in fortunes for a man of Short's relatively advanced years might have raised a few eyebrows. A few days ago, though, I happened to be in the gents when Nigel came in and I can exclusively reveal to readers of the S&BC blog that he did nothing more suspicious than take a wizz. No electronic lavatorial assisance for The Nosh.

Here's the conclusion to Short's last round game against van Wely ...

Black to play and win
van Wely - Short, 7th Staunton Memorial 2009

... which I leave as a puzzle for the reader to solve.

However my favourite game of Short's from the tournament was his win in the 6th round against Jan Werle. Short avoided the Tartakower defence to the Queen's Gambit and although he's been doing that a fair bit recently it seemed to confuse the Dutchman a little. When I left the tournament hall at move 16 ...

Black to play
Werle - Short, Staunton Memorial 2009

... the position already looked good for Black to me. There's a lot of space for Nigel's pieces over on the kingside and my first glance assessment was that a direct attack against Werle's rather lonely looking monarch might be in order.

And that's pretty much now it turned out.

So well done Nigel, well done the English team for winning the match 26.5 - 23 and well done Jan Timman for winning the all-play-all. Well done old Victor Korchnoi for a fantastic tournament (+5 =2 =2) and well done the Staunton folk for getting him there in the first place.



And while we're on congratulations ...

Andrew Stone informs me that S&BCC London League top board Venkat scored an IM norm at the recent Uxbridge International tournament. A quick trip to the tourney website tells me he managed to secure this result with a round to spare! Well done him.

Audi versus BMW

Possibly I'm easily amused, or far too swayable by advertisers - but well done BMW:

via Fail Blog

That was funny.

The Interesting French Exchange X

7th Staunton Memorial Special Edition

It's been seven months to the day since the last TIFE. Sorry it's been so long but I've been a bit short of material of late. Last season not a single person played The Exchange against me. Not one! It's enough to make a man give up playing the French so it is.

Fortunately we got an IFE at the Staunton Memorial a few days ago. It was Alexander Cherniaev and S&BC Blog stalkee Simon Williams who did the honours ...

1. e4 e6, 2. d4 d5, 3. exd5 exd5, 4. Nf3 Bg4

- The Ginger GM obviously didn't fancy Moskalenko's allegedly 'kung fu' style 4. ... Nc6

5. h3 Bh5, 6. Qe2+

I've always played 6. ... Qe7 here but Williams jazzed things up a bit with 6. ... Be7



7. Qb5+ Nd7, 8. Qxd5 Nf6, 9. Qb3



Black's got a lot of pieces out and his lead in development obviously gives him some compensation for the pawn. Does he have enough though? Frankly I've no clue but it did remind me of a pawn sacrifice that could have happened in Winter-Alekhine Nottingham 1936 if after

1. e4 e6, 2. d4 d5, 3. exd5 exd5, 4. Bd3 Nc6, 5. Ne2 Bd6, 6. c3 Qh4 (!!), 7. Nd2 Bg4

White had punted 8. Qb3 0-0-0, 9. Qxd5 Nf6 instead of the more careful 8. Qc2.

Alekhine:
"A correct offer of a pawn ... Black [has] an overwhelming advantage in development."

I think this line is probably better for Black than the Cherniaev - Williams game but still, I can see why the Psycho-Cowboy chose to ride that particular horse. Chucking in another exchange on the thirteenth move though? That I'm less clear about.



Not a lucky game for Williams that one, but do I detect the influence of The Corporal in the timing of the resignation?

Ah well. Hopefully he'll make up for it by playing the Classical Dutch against Korchnoi this afternoon. Fingers crossed.



PS:
I know a lot of the games in TIFEs I to IX don't play properly. As soon as the Staunton and academic stuff is over I'll get them fixed. Wouldn't want to lose them would we?